No criminal ever believes that he (1) ... but it seems that some are trying to make crime detection as easy as possible for the police. In Japan, a country which (2) ... famous for its peaceful citizens, one robber burst into a shop and demanded money. But as he (3) ... himself in the CCTV camera (си­сте­ма ви­део­на­блю­де­ния), he changed his mind and asked the shop workers to call the police. Everything had been going fine, he said later, until he realised he (4) ... to put on his mask. And have you heard about the two British men who tried to rob a shop? Unfortunately, they hadn't cut eyeholes in the woollen masks they (5) ... . While they were trying to find the counter, they bumped into each other and knocked each other unconscious. "Don't worry," said the owner when the men came round, "I (6) ... the police and they'll be here in a few minutes. Would you like a cup of tea while you (7) ...?"

It might be said that some of the most important advances of the 21^st century have been the iPhone, the iPod, YouTube and Skype. Today, they are a part of everyday life. The iPod and Apple’s music store, iTunes, (1) ... in 2001. The iPod’s modem design and large storage capacity made it very popular. And because of iTunes, digital music (2) ... normal. Skype has transformed the way people communicate across borders. Skype made it possible to call family or friends abroad  — and even video chat  — for free over WiFi. YouTube (3) ... in 2005 and is now the world’s most popular video-sharing website. Millions of hours (4) ... each month watching music videos, films, and even cat videos! Apple’s iPhone was the first user-friendly smartphone with a large touchscreen. It came out in 2007 and (5) ... over the mobile phone market, and a new industry was created  — app development. The 21^st century is still young. Who knows how our lives (6) ... by other inventions in the next few years!

Tom Wilson is an explorer. He (1) ... to nearly every country in the world, but the most exciting time he (2) ... was when he went to the Congo jungle. He (3) ... by a magazine to retrace the route of a famous explorer who disappeared in the 1920's. As he (4) ... a small river he got separated from his guides. He went on alone, hoping he (5) ... them, but instead he encountered a group of natives. He stayed with them for several days and found out that a very old woman (6) ... the famous explorer. She knew how he had died. Tom became very friendly with the natives and now he (7) ... to go back and see them again. He is sure they (8) ... him back.

These days the media is full (1) ... stories of celebrities’ private lives: their relationships, problems with weight and so on. In fact, (2) ... public seems to have (3) ... never-ending appetite for this type of gossip. It could be argued that celebrities invite publicity, for instance (4) ... giving interviews or welcoming the media into their homes. However, there are several reasons why celebrities deserve a certain level of privacy. Firstly, while some people actively seek (5) ... fame, others do not. Secondly, reporters are more interested in selling a sensational story than in investigating something (6) ... genuine importance. Lastly, the unwelcome attentions of reporters and photographers can put celebrities under great stress. Just think of Michael Jackson or Princess Diana. (7) ... balance, I believe that celebrities have the right (8) ... the same kind of privacy as anyone else.

Years ago, back in the days when I was just a kid, my family used to have Sunday picnics together in a nearby part of the countryside. We would (1) ... a suitably quiet and pleasant spot, then (2) ... several hours chatting, eating and playing games in the (3) ... air. Since then, though, my parents' life has become so busy that they never seem to have the time for outdoor family meals any more. In my (4) ... this is a great pity, so I've recently started to organise picnics of my own. I get in (5) ... with some of my closest friends and first we (6) ... on a suitable place to go. Then we talk about who'll bring which food. This ensures that there will be a (7) ... of tasty things to eat, particularly if everyone makes the meals they do best. It's important, though, to keep the food simple, as everything has to (8) ... into a backpack and then be carried across fields and up river vall's. When we finally (9) ... our destination, it's time to sit down, relax and (10) ... each other's company. And I'm absolutely certain that food tastes better on a picnic than anywhere else!

The number and length of flights has (1) ... sharply in the past few years. As the human body was not designed for flying, people can (2) ... if they are on an aeroplane for a long time. Therefore, it is important to (3) ... certain measures to increase your comfort. In the air, your body is more (4) ... to the effects of alcohol, and rich or fatty foods, so it is best to (5) ... these the day before you leave as well as during the flight. A long-distance journey often (6) ... travellers feeling stiff, because they have been sitting in one position for several hours. In order to reduce the (7) ... of this happening to you, there are some exercises you can do while you are flying. Besides this, a hot shower taken after the flight can be an effective way of minimising stiffness. If you (8) ... loose clothing made from (9) ... materials, such as cotton, you will feel more comfortable. Your skin suffers in other ways too, becoming drier since you have (10) ... the ground. This can be avoided, however, if you take some skin cream with you.

It is difficult to find a job in costume design but if you work hard and you are (1)  ... at it, you will do well. Costume designers research, design and prepare costumes, mainly for theatres but also for film and TV productions. To be a costume designer, you have to be interested in theatre, film and drama and have a knowledge of fashion and art. You will (2)  ... meetings with directors and managers to discuss the costumes and how much will be (3)  ... on them. You need to be able to draw and work hard because costumes are often produced in a very short time. There are (4)  ... ways of learning how to be a costume designer. Some people get a job with a company and learn while they are working. Others do a course at an art school.

Every October I like to go to France (1) ... my holidays. Last year I visited the Loire Valley and I had the best two weeks of my life. I had such (2) ... good fun I cried when it was time to leave. When I arrived (3) ... Calais, the sun was shining and I was glad I had decided to go (4) ... camping. There are lots of campsites in the Loire, and I found a small one near a beautiful castle. King Louis XIV had (5) ... castle built in order to impress a princess he wanted to marry, but she rejected him for an English Duke. I fell in love with (6) ... place at once. Although October is late (7) ... camping, there were quite a lot of people staying there. It was highly recommended in my guidebook and a friend of mine had also suggested to go to that particular site. Most of the other campers were around (8) ... my age and I made friends with several of them. Six of us have agreed to meet there again next year for another great holiday.

One of the most difficult but rewarding pastimes is mountain climbing. The modern climber must (1) ... many different skills. Rock climbing (2) ... a combination of gymnastic ability, imagination and observation, but perhaps the most necessary skill is being able to (3) ... out how much weight a particular rock will support. Mountaineers climb in groups of three or four, each climber at a distance of approximately six meters from the next. Usually one person climbs while the other climbers (4) ... hold of the rope. There is no (5) ... that the most experienced climber goes first. He shows the other climbers which (6) ... to go, making the rope secure so that it is (7) ... for the others to follow. With much mountain climbing, snow skills (8) ... a very important part. The number of dangers (9) ... by climbers is almost endless. And the (10) ... of oxygen at high altitudes makes life even more difficult fot mountaineers.

David de Rothschild is known (1) ... his efforts to make the earth a better place for those who inhabit it. Recently, David has become involved (2) ... a project which he believes will help save oceans. In the middle of (3) ... Pacific Ocean there is (4) ... vast pile of rubbish, which floats on the water and causes terrible damage (5) ... the environment. This region is filled (6) ... plastic waste. David came up with an ideal way to use this waste and help preserve our oceans at the same time. He is having a specially designed boat built out of 12,500 empty plastic bottles. David plans to sail (7) ... boat from San Francisco to Sydney, Australia. He is enthusiastic (8) ... the journey regardless of the difficulties it may involve. David hopes that the adventure will encourage people not to ignore environmental problems.

1. Halloween

Halloween was originally a Celtic festival for the dead, celebrated on the last day of the Celtic year, October 31. One story says that, on that day, the spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come back in search of living bodies to possess for the next year. Naturally, the still-living did not want to be possessed. So, on the night of October 31, villagers would put out the fires in their homes, to make them cold and undesirable. They would then dress up in all manner of devilish costumes and noisily parade around the neighbourhood, in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess. The custom of "trick-or-treating (when children go from house to house on Halloween to get Small presents) is thought to have originated with a ninth-century European custom called 'souling where early Christians would walk from village to village begging for 'soul cakes', made out of square pieces of bread with currants.

2. Independence Day

Independence Day is the national holiday of the USA commemorating the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. At the time of the signing, the US was under the rule of England's King George III. There was growing protest in the 13 colonies concerning the taxes that had to be paid to England. King George sent extra troops to help control any rebellion (вос­ста­ние). In April 1775 the King's troops reached Concord. The battle of Concord would mark the beginning of the war for Independence. By June 1776 a committee was formed to compose a formal declaration of independence. Thomas Jefferson was chosen to write the first draft which was presented to the Congress.

3. Carnival

The Origins of Carnival are unclear, but most agree that it started as a pagan (язы­че­ское) celebration in ancient Rome or Greece. In Brazil, Carnival rules the country for four days a year. It happens at the peak of summer, attracting thgusands of visitors from all corners of the world. Carnival changes dates every year but it usually happens some time in February or early March. Carnival is supposed to be a time to 'forget or recall an old love affair, to celebrate new passion or search for new romantic experiences'.

4. Guy Fawkes' Night

In 1605, Guy Fawkes and a group of his supporters attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliament to kill the King, James I and the entire Parliament. The conspirators were angered because King James had been forcing Jesuits to leave England. The plotters (за­го­вор­щи­ки) wanted to take power away from the king and return the country to the Catholic faith. However, in an attempt to protect a friend, one of the group members sent an anonymous letter warning him to stay away from the Parliament. The warning letter reached the King, and the conspirators were caught and sentenced to death.

§ 1. While having lunch in an expensive restaurant, I tasted the wine I had ordered. I thought it might be spoiled, so I called the wine waiter. He was most unpleasant at the mere suggestion that something might be wrong. Unwillingly he tasted the wine  — and immediately apologized and brought another bottle. That's what I call power!' said my guest, but it helped that I knew I was right. As the customer, you have considerable rights.

§ 2. If a restaurant fails to provide a table you have booked, they will have broken their contract with you and you can politely threaten to take them to court for the cost of a spoiled evening. They will then usually find you a table. On the other hand, if you let them down, they can take you to court for lost business. In one case, a company booked a table for one o'clock for five people at a popular restaurant, then called to cancel at 1.35 p.m. on the day, saying their client did not want to eat. When the company refused to pay up, the restaurant owner took them to court and won: the judge decided that, since it was too late to re-book the table, the company should pay for the loss of profit on the meal.

§ 3. The menu is a vital legal document. The price should be included, together with the tax (налог), and the restaurant can be fined for not displaying it outside or immediately inside the door, so that customers know in advance what they are committing themselves to. It is illegal for any establishment to give a false description of their food. Everything must be what it claims to be: fresh fruit salad must consist only of fresh, not tinned, fruit; Welsh lamb must be an animal born or raised in Wales.

§ 4. You cannot rely on getting bread and butter free. A restaurant is allowed to make a cover charge  — which relates to linen, tableware, salt and pepper, Sauces and items like bread or olives  — provided it appears on the menu by the door.

§ 5. If the food is not cooked to your satisfaction, you can insist on the restaurant taking it back and supplying what you ordered. If it gives you food poisoning, the restaurant is obliged to pay for the suffering and inconvenience provided you have been to your doctor. If the food is not up to a reasonable standard for the money, you can either send it back or pay less than the bill demands. If you do not pay the full price, give your name, address and proof of identity so that you cannot be arrested for leaving without paying.

§ 1. Believe it or not, I used to read Flight International every week from the age of eight onwards  — my father, an aviation engineer, encouraged my early passion for planes but I never thought that one day I would be working on it as a journalist.

§ 2. Flight International is read by anyone with an interest in aviation. From pilots to manufacturers, technicians to air vice marshals, all are readers looking for the latest news in this sector. As news editor, I'm responsible for deciding what appears on the 20 news pages we produce each week. Aviation is one of the few truly global industries and we have a team of reporters around the world. When I left school, my original plan was to become an engineer. I studied aeronautical engineering at university but found the course rather unsatisfactory. At the time there was a huge recession on with few jobs going, and I was forced to look round for other options. I actually wrote to Flight and asked for a job. The then deputy editor advised me to do a course in journalism which had just been set up, which is what I did.

§ 3. I found the course useful not so much because it gave me a pretty good basic grounding in journalism, but mainly because it focused on several workplacements, which I was able to do at Flight. I wrote a few pieces and got my face known at the magazine. When the course finished there were no jobs available on Flight so I went off and worked for an aviation newsletter. After a year or so the technical reporter at Flight moved to another job and I was in. The great thing for me about working here has been the chance to ask people questions about something I'm genuinely interested in, and to combine it with my other passion, travel. After a couple of years I was offered a job in Munich in Germany,

§ 4. It was fantastic timing as the aviation industry in eastern Europe was just opening up and I got to report on it and see the region. From there I went to Singapore, which again was an extraordinary experience. I got to fly over the Far East, visiting factories, meeting fascinating people and doing interviews, and to be honest I would have been happy to stay there a bit longer.

§ 5. However, jobs like this don't come up very often  — the last news editor stayed ten years - and so when I was offered it, I couldn't really say no. Although I'm much more office-based now, I still go to the big air shows. In some ways I was getting a bit tired of living out of a suitcase, although I still get a thrill when I take my seat on a new plane for the first time. A37. Why did the writer read Flight International when he was a child?

§ 1. I want to tell you about my old friend Bobbie Cardew. If you're a recent acquaintance of Bobbie's, you'll probably be surprised to hear that there was a time when he was known for having a weak memory. In the days when first knew him Bobbie Cardew was the most unreliable person you could ever imagine. If I invited him to come and have dinner with me, I had to go to all sorts of trouble. I used to post him a letter at the beginning of the week, and then the day before send him a telegram, and a phone call on the day itself.

§ 2. One day Bobbie did something I would never have expected. He fell in love, got married  — full of excitement, as if it were the greatest fun in the world  — and then began to find out things.

§ 3. Her name was Mary Anthony. She was a hospital nurse. When Bobbie Smashed himself up playing polo she was there in the hospital taking care of him. No sooner was he up and about again than they were busy making wedding plans. A real case of love at first sight They took a flat and settled down. I was in and out of the place a good deal. Everything appeared to be running along as Smoothly as you could want. Mary seemed to think Bobbie the greatest thing on earth and Bobbie seemed to think the same about her.

§ 4. But now we come to the incident of the Quiet Dinner, which is when things began to happen. I met Bobbie in the street one day and he asked me to come back to dinner at his flat. When we got there I was amazed at how lovely Mary looked. She had her red-gold hair piled up on her head with a diamond tiara in it and was wearing a really beautiful dress. No wonder, I thought, that Bobbie liked married life. "Hello, dear," he said. "I've brought Reggie home for a bit of dinner." Mary stared at him as if she had never seen him before. Then she turned scarlet. Then she turned white as a sheet of paper. Then she gave a little laugh, before finally recovering herself. After that she was all right. She talked a lot at dinner, teased Bobbie and played tunes for us on the piano afterwards, as if she hadn't a care in the world. But I had seen her face at the beginning, and I knew that she was working hard to keep herself in hand and not scream. At the very earliest moment I made my excuses and got away.

§ 5. When I met Bobbie at the club next day he seemed glad to have someone to talk to."Do you know how long I've been married?" he said "About a year, isn't it?" "Not about a year," he said sadly. "Yesterday was the anniversary of the wedding. I'd arranged to take Mary to the theatre. She particularly wanted to hear Caruso sing. I had a ticket for the box in my pocket. You know, all through dinner I had some vague idea that there was something I'd forgotten, but I couldn't think what."

It's hard to find a place to eat which satisfies the whole family. I remember my parents taking me as a child to the most (1) ... restaurant they could find. They didn't think it was worth spending a lot of money on someone who had notable manners. Today the choice of restaurants is so great, however, that total (2) ... is rare. It's difficult to explain exactly what I am looking for in a restaurant. It's certainly not (3) ... surroundings, although I must admit that I'm usually (4) ... to go into a place that looks dirty.

Since its invention in the late 1950s, the skateboard has become a standard item of sports equipment for teenage boys. By the early 1970s, bicycle manufacturers started producing quality skateboards which broke less (1) ... and had more (2) ... wheels that would not come off and cause injury. The (3) ... of the sport declined in the 1980s when some critics argued it was still too risky and (4) ... . However, skateboarding has made a comeback and is likely to remain a symbol of youthful energy for many years.

The best way to keep well is to avoid (1) ... foods and habits. It is also helpful to take plenty of exercise, and we should give (2) ... to people of all ages to do this, particularly the very young. If we can educate people at an early age to keep fit and to look after themselves carefully, then the (3) ... of their having problems in later life will be (4) ... reduced.

Resisting the (1) ... to buy is hard. Now guilty shoppers keen to get rid of (2) ... purchases have a new option  — simply give it away online. I find it (3) ... that everything advertised on Freecycle is free. The site is the creation of Deron Bcal, an (4) ... from Arizona. Bcal says his chief aim is to cut waste and help the environment reducing the amount of rubbish sent to landfill sites (свал­ка), through the promotion of giving things to people who want them.

Rising temperatures and a hotter climate? Well, if you are fortunate enough to live in a country with a (1) ... climate, it sounds great, doesn't it? But there is a dark side. This climate might bring with it mosquitoes, (2) ... of malaria. It is important to remember that malaria is not an (3) ... disease providing it is dealt with promptly. So if you should come back from the tropics feeling ill, it is (4) ... to receive medical treatment as quickly as possible.

1.  She described the whole play to us ... detail.

2.  Both my sons are crazy ... old motorbikes.

3.  The restaurant prides itself ... having the best pizza in town.

4.  There are so ... lemons in the fridge that I can't make lemonade.

5.  ... Susan use to be slim when she was at university?

6.  Bob Dylan ... original name was Robert Zimmerman won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016.

1.  She described the whole play to us ... detail.

2.  Both my sons are crazy ... old motorbikes.

3.  The restaurant prides itself ... having the best pizza in town.

4.  There are so ... lemons in the fridge that I can't make lemonade.

5.  ... Susan use to be slim when she was at university?

6.  Bob Dylan ... original name was Robert Zimmerman won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016.

1.  ... conclusion, I would like to thank you all for your help.

2.  Clare is very optimistic ... her chances of winning a gold medal.

3.  The variety of accommodation available ranges ... a studio flat to a four-bedroomed house.

4.  This flat has a bigger living room than the other one we saw, but I’m afraid ... of them has cable TV.

5.  The first cheese ... probably made in Asia around four thousand years ago.

6.  A chameleon is a kind of lizard ... skin changes colour to match the colour of its surroundings.

Even though sign language has been used for thousands of years in one form or (1) ... , not much is known about its history. Some people believe that sign languages are not real languages, however, linguists (2) ... have studied them say that they are. The only difference is that instead of using speech or writing to express meaning, signers use their hands. As a (3) ... of fact, anything that can be expressed through spoken language can be expressed through sign language just as well. There is no (4) ... that learning sign language takes time and practice.

Miguel de Cervantes, creator of Don Quixote, one of literature’s most popular and enduring characters, is possibly the most renowned Spanish writer of (1) ... time. Cervantes was bom near Madrid in 1547, and his life appears to (2) ... been every bit as exciting as any of his fiction. He spent several years in Rome before joining the Spanish army in 1570. The next year he (3) ... part in a fierce naval battle against the forces of the Ottoman Empire. During the battle he (4) ... shot twice in the chest and lost the use of his left hand.

The next time someone asks (1) ... my hobbies are, I'll turn the question round and ask them to (2) ... me about their hobbies. I doubt that they have any. I don't think we should deny it (3) ... longer: the hobby is dead. Ask any teenager or adult about how they spend their spare time and they'll respond with a list of activities rather than mention collecting something.

Until recently, teenagers have been hooked on television. But no more today. (1) ... to the latest statistics, teenagers have gone off television. Given the choice between TV and the Internet, (2) ... becomes clear (3) ... most teens prefer. The Internet meets their interactive, social needs that TV doesn't. As websites (4) ... as MySpace have appeared, teenagers are too eager to spend hours a day online and are becoming "keyboard potatoes".

1.  John has а ... (VARY) of different, brightly coloured ties that he wears to work.

2.  Don’t be afraid of the dog, it’s completely ... (HARM).

3.  Although they sometimes quarrel ... (NOISY), the Browns are good neighbours.

4.  Dan would never do anything to ... (DANGER) the lives of his children.

While some people consider cooking to be boring, especially those who are occupied daily with the task of feeding a large family on a small budget, (1) ... find it a creative and fulfilling activity. Cooking for a family (2) ... members are not only choosy but (3) ... have limited tastes hardly gives the cook much creative opportunity.

1.  TV documentary maker and environmental Campaigner Sir David Attenborough has perhaps done it

2.  more rather than any other British person to educate the public about the natural world. Fascinated

3.  by animals since its childhood, he did a degree in Natural Sciences at Cambridge University, and

4.  a few years quite later became a trainee producer at the BBC. In the 1950s, he was one of the

5.  first people to film animals in their own habitats for television, and far quickly got a lot of positive

6.  attention because of the quality of his programmes. To being reward Attenborough for his excellence,

7.  the BBC offered him a job such as the head of one of its TV channels, but he wasn’t interested.

8.  In 1972, he returned to programme-making, and travelled the world as well his projects became

9.  even more ambitious. A number of newly discovered both plant, insect and bird species have been

10.  named in his own honour. He’s thought to be one of the most well-travelled people on the planet.

1.  I have visited many countries, but it was Brazil that impressed me rather more than any other.

2.  Having graduated from university with a degree in biology, I would wanted to travel and see

3.  either wild animals and plants in their natural habitat. People who had visited Brazil described

4.  how much beautiful it was and I discovered that what they had told me was true. First of all,

5.  approximately a quarter of the world’s plant species they are found in the Amazon basin, so no

6.  other matter where you go, you see the most beautiful plants, including orchids. Whatever part of

7.  Brazil you go to it, you won’t be disappointed. However, I believe the southern states can be the most

8.  magical and it is because I very love flowers that I enjoyed myself so much. Having lost my camera, I

9.  wasn’t been able to take photos, but I saw a lot of the local fauna and flora. It was a wonderful experience

10.  and, taking into my consideration the amount of time I had at my disposal, I managed to see a lot.